midterm+review

Paste info for the midterm here: =Renaissance:=
 * 1) European monarchs of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries are often called “New Monarchs.” Refer to specific examples from at least two different countries to:
 * 2) Evaluate the key features of the “new monarchies;” what was “new” about them and did their actions warrant the label “new monarchs”?
 * 3) Identify and evaluate the factors that accounted for their rise to power between 1450 and 1550


 * What is a new monarch
 * what were their key features
 * how did they rise to power
 * give specific examples of countries and monarchs who were "New Monarchs"

2. Evaluate the impact and influence of the Renaissance on: a. The Enlightenment b. Catholic reforms and the Protestant Reformation


 * What was the Renaissance
 * what was the enlightenment
 * how were they connected
 * what was the Protestant reformation
 * what was the catholic counter reformation
 * how was the renaissance connected to the ideas of the reformation and counter reformation

3. Describe and analyze the differences in the views of the individual during the Italian Renaissance/Reformation period, the Romantic era of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and the Realist era of the late nineteenth century.


 * what were the views of the individual during the Renaissance and Reformation periods (ie the 1400s and 1500s)?
 * What were the views of the individual during the romantic era
 * what were the views of the individual during the realist era

4. Evaluate the impact of the Renaissance on women; consider both women’s private and public lives in your answer.


 * what did the renaissance say women's private roles should be
 * what did the renaissance say women's public roles should be
 * what else helps you answer this question?

5. Explain how economic, technological, political, and religious factors promoted European explorations from about 1450 to about 1525.
 * what were the economic factors that led to the Age of Exploration
 * what were the technological factors
 * what were the political factors
 * what were the religious factors

=Age of Exploration:=


 * 1) 2. In the Seventeenth Century, how did England and the Dutch Republic compete successfully with France and Spain for control of overseas territory and trade?
 * what territory and trade routes did England and the Dutch claim
 * what territory and trade routes did France and Spain claim
 * what factors made it possible for England and the Dutch to control territory and trade
 * 1) 3. Analyze the effects of the Colombian exchange (the interchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World) on the population and economy of Europe in the period 1550 to 1700.
 * what was the Colombian exchange?
 * what was the impact on EUROPE economically - think about each country, was it different in different places?
 * what was the impact on the population of EUROPE

=Scientific Revolution:= //“Nature and nature’s laws lay hid in night //

// God said ‘Let Newton be,’ and all was light.” //
 * 1) 1. The couplet above was Alexander Pope’s way of expressing the relationship between the Scientific Revolution and Christianity. What was the effect of seventeenth-century science on Christianity, and how did each react to the other?


 * first, what does the quote mean?
 * second, what did Alexander Pope (in the Davinci Code) think about the scientific revolution
 * what did the 1600s scientists think of Christianity
 * What did Christianity (Catholicism and Protestantism) think of the scientists

//“In the eighteenth century, people turned to the new science for a better understanding of the social and economic problems of the day.” //
 * 1) 2. Assess the validity of this statement by using specific examples from the Enlightenment era.
 * in the 1700s, what examples are there that ppl used scietific ideas to solve social and economic problems
 * what social and economic problems were there
 * what was the enlightenment


 * 1) 3. Explain the development of the scientific method in the seventeenth century and the impact of scientific thinking on traditional sources of authority.
 * what was the scientific method developed in the 1600s
 * what were traditional sources of authority in the 1600s?
 * what was the impact of this thinking on the authorities - it must have helped or limited the traditional authorities, give examples

=Reformation:= //“Luther was both a revolutionary and a conservative.” // 1. Evaluate this statement with respect to Luther’s responses to the political and social questions of his day.

2. Consider the efforts of Martin Luther in the German states and King Henry VIII in England in bringing about religious change during the Reformation. How were their motives similar and different, how were their methods similar and different?

=Wars of Religion:=
 * 1) 3. How successful was the Counter-Reformation (the Catholic Reformation)? Evaluate their success in terms of their goals and methods.
 * 2) 1. In 1519 Charles of Hapsburg became Charles V, Holy Roman emperor. Discuss and analyze the political, social, and religious problems he faced over the course of his imperial reign (1519-1556).

2. Discuss the relationship between politics and religion by examining the wars of religion. Choose TWO specific examples from the following (1999): a. Dutch Revolt b. French Wars of Religion c. English Civil War =Absolutism (eastern and western Europe) and Constitutional Monarchy= //“In seventeenth-century England the aristocracy lost its privileges but retained its power; in seventeenth-century France the aristocracy retained its privileges but lost its power.” //
 * 1) d. Thirty Years’ War
 * 1) 1. Assess the accuracy of this statement with respect to political events and social developments in the countries in the seventeenth century.

=Enlightenment:=
 * 1) 2. Analyze the extent to which Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria advanced and did not advance Enlightenment ideals during their reigns.
 * 2) 1. Compare and contrast the political ideas of Hobbes and Locke.

=Industrial Revolution:=
 * 1) 2. Describe and analyze the influence of the Enlightenment on both elite culture and popular culture in the eighteenth century.
 * 2) 1. Between 1815 and 1848 the condition of the laboring classes and the problem of political stability were critical issues in England. Describe and analyze the reforms that social critics and politicians proposed to solve these problems.

=French Revolution and Napoleon:= //“Every successful revolution puts on in time the robes of the tyrant it has deposed.” // 1. Evaluate this statement with regard to the English Revolution (1640-1660) and the French Revolution (1789-1815).
 * 1) 2. Between 1750 and 1850 more and more Western Europeans were employed in cottage industry and in factory production. Analyze how these two types of employment affected employer-employee relations, working conditions, family relations, and the standard of living during this period.

//“Napoleon I is sometimes called the greatest enlightened despot.” // 2. Evaluate this assessment in terms of Napoleon I’s policies and accomplishments. Be sure to include a definition of enlightened despotism in your answer

3. Identify the grievances of the groups that made up the Third Estate in France on the eve of the French Revolution, and analyze the extent to which ONE of these groups was able to address its grievances in the period 1789 to 1799.

=Concert of Europe and End of the Concert of Europe:=
 * 1) 1. What political and social changes in Western and Central Europe account for the virtual disappearance of revolutionary outbreaks in the half-century following 1848?

=Revolutions 1820s, 1830s, 1848:= =Unification of Italy and Germany:= =Mass Politics:=
 * 1) 2. Compare and contrast the foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich (1815 -- 1848) and Bismarck (1862 -- 1890).
 * 2) 1. In February 1848, the middle classes and workers in France joined to overthrow the government of Louis Phillipe. By June the two groups were at odds in their political, economic, and social thinking. Analyze what transpired to divide the groups and describe the consequences for French politics.
 * 3) 1. What was the impact of nationalism in Germany and in the Austrian Empire from 1848 to 1914?
 * 4) 2. Analyze the similarities and differences in the methods used by Cavour and Bismarck to bring about the unification of Italy and Germany, respectively.
 * 5) 1. Discuss the origins and evolution of European liberalism as a political movement during the nineteenth century.


 * 1) 2. Describe the steps taken between 1832 and 1918 to extend the suffrage in England. What groups and movements contributed to the extension of the vote?

=Imperialism:=
 * 1) 3. Historians speak of the rise of mass politics in the period from 1880 to 1914. Define this phenomenon and analyze its effects on European politics in this period.
 * 2) 1. Compare and contrast the motives for European overseas expansion during the Age of Discovery (fifteenth and sixteenth centuries) and during the Age of New Imperialism (nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.)


 * 1) 2. Analyze the policies of three European colonial powers regarding Africa between 1871 and 1914.