Austria

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media type="custom" key="15945950"Sophie Rose toc

http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1500/index.html

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= **AUSTRIA:** =

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 * Habsburg power was always concentrated in Austria


 * 1700s: Austrians controlled: Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Croats, Italians, Servs, Romanians


 * = **War of Austrian Succession:** =
 * 1740-1748
 * After Charles VI died, Maria Theresa inherited Austrian Habsburg Empire, **Frederick the Great** inherited Prussian throne
 * Frederick invaded the Habsburg territory of Silesia
 * England sided with Austria to fight against Prussia, Bavaria, France, and Spain[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Battle-of-Fontenoy.jpg/300px-Battle-of-Fontenoy.jpg width="270" height="176" align="right" caption="War of Austrian Succession"]]
 * Frederick won many victories because of his brilliant military tactics
 * To end the war, the **Treaty of Aix-la- Chapelle**was signed in 1748
 * In the war process, Prussia captured Silesia from Austria

= =


 * = **1756: Seven Years War:** =
 * 1756-1763
 * Austria wanted to get Silesia back from Austria
 * Silesia had an important textile industry and rich deposits of coal and iron
 * Maria Theresa convinced Louis XV to aid Austria in war against Prussia
 * **French Austrian alliance is known as the “Diplomatic Revolution”**
 * Russia joined the alliance because she disliked Prussia
 * This war was fought Austria, France, and Russia vs. Prussia
 * Prussia prevailed and emerged as one of the great powers of Europe
 * **1763: Treaty of Hubertusburg:** Austria recognized Prussian claims to Silesia


 * = 1792: French Revolutionary Wars =
 * occured during reign of Francis II
 * war against revolutionary France: ruled under Napoleon
 * 1804: Francis took on title of emperor of Austria []


 * =**1848 Revolutions in Austria:**=
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 * largely failed because of Austria's many ethnic minorities fighting amongst themselves rather than being united
 * there was a lack of Nationalsim

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 * = 1866: Austrian Prussian War: =
 * Otherwise known as Seven Weeks War
 * Austria was defeated by Prussia
 * Austria was sided by Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and certain minor German states on the other, but the strength of Prussian army helped them prevail
 * result: Austria was removed from Germany
 * Compromise of 1867: Compromise between Prussia and Austria for Austria to set up a constitutional government with limited suffrage, and Hungarians will have autonomy


 * = 1867: DUAL MONARCHY WAS ESTABLISHED =
 * Austria and Hungary united into the Austrian-Hungary Empire

= =


 * = 1885: Second Balkan Crisis =
 * this is known to be one of the starts of WWI
 * conflict between Bulgaria and Serbia over territory
 * Austria-Hungary and Germany supported Bulgaria
 * Russia Supported Serbia
 * Serbs were angry at Austrians for supporting Bulgaria
 * led to WWI


 * = Alliances throughout preWWI and throughout WWI =
 * Dual Alliance: alliance betwen Germany and Austria Hungary (1879-1918)
 * Alliance of the Three Emperors (1881):
 * Russians, Austrians, Germans against Ottomans and French
 * 1887- Russia refused to renew
 * Triple Alliance: (1882-1915)were part of the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Turkey, and Bulgaria
 * Italy, Austria, Germany


 * = 1918: Results of WWI on Austria: =
 * the empire ended
 * loss of 175,000 people


 * = 1955: Austria gains independence =
 * out of WWII, US and Britain claimed Austria to be "a liberated" people. Russia was against it
 * Austria made a state treaty with the USSR
 * regained independence May 15, 1955
 * they join the European Union
 * []

media type="youtube" key="KyLSUZ1qlVM" height="315" width="420" align="center"

This video demonstrates Austria throughout the years, from 1300s on. Austriawas always changing and always growing in size and shrinking. This videoshows exactly this, the change in Austria throughout history.

= **Key People throughout Austrian History:**  very helpful! = **Charles VI**
 * **HRE (1711-1740)**
 * He signed the Pragmatic Sanction
 * Respected rule of female ruler- enabled his daughter Maria Theresa to rule after him
 * Maria Theresa:**
 * Archduchess of Austria (1740-1748)
 * Her first reform was to increase the Austrian standing army from 30,000 to 108,000 by convincing local estates to accept tax reforms [[image:http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vRSQ-MEgMf8/SJUWOzjJuvI/AAAAAAAAAU0/cIBWOLaIBps/s400/Portrait-of-the-Empress-Maria-Theresa-of-Austria-1717-80-Giclee-Print-C12625249.jpg width="150" height="200" align="right" caption="Maria Theresa"]]
 * She centralized the empire and increase power of Austrian gov
 * Conservative Catholic
 * Was an enlightened despot
 * Founded schools: military academy and engineering school
 * Tripled the army in size
 * Biggest goal was to recapture Silesia
 * Her advisor was: **Count von Kaunitz**

**Joseph II:**
 * Reigned 1780 to 1790
 * Was an enlightened despot
 * Legal equality and freedom of press
 * Sought a full treasury, economy in gov, and strong military
 * Was a devout Catholic
 * Expanded state schools of Austria
 * Abolished serfdom
 * Granted religious toleration to Protestants and Jews: 1781 Edict of Restitution


 * Marie Antoinette:**
 * born in Vienna, Austria
 * daughter of Maria Theresa
 * married Louis XVI of France
 * hated by the people of France for being selfish and a snob and using up the
 * money of France for her own goods and clothing and jewelry

**Metternich:** >>>
 * 1774-1859
 * was the head of the Concert of Vienna
 * prototype of conservatism
 * was against Liberalism and Nationalism
 * "Age of Metternich"- period of conservatism and repression of nationalism
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 * Sigmund Freud: (1850-1939) **
 * portrayed human beahvior to be the cause of irrational and unconcious forces
 * id, superego, ego control and make up our mind

Sources:

 * 1) [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I_casualties#.C2.A0Austria]
 * 2) I used this website to find out the number of casualties during WWI from Austria--it was used for my section of results of WWI.
 * 3) []
 * 4) This website clarified the topics very well. It discussed Austria from early 1500s but was most helpful regarding the French Revolutionary War and for the Revolutions in Austria.
 * 5) Eder, James M., Seth A. Roberts, and James M. Eder. //Barron's AP European History //. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2008. Print.
 * 6) This book is an outstanding book and was so helpful. With the help of this book, I got the information for Maria Theresa, Marie Antoinette, and Joseph II.
 * 7) Freiler, Chris. //AP Achiever Advanced Placement European History Exam Preparation Guide to Accompany A History of the Modern World Tenth Edition R.R. Palmer, Joel Colton, Lloyd Kramer //. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2008. Print.
 * 8) This is also a fantastic book. It helped me with the War of Austrian Succession as well as Sigmund Freud.
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 * 10) This website was helpful to learn about Metternich and all of his accomplishments; however, it was very long and took a while to read and at the same time it did not supply me with SO much information, but it still did supply with an adequate amount.
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 * 12) I used this website to help me with the information regarding the seven weeks war. I found it to be very helpful and easy to use.
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 * 14) This was not the best website I have used because it mostly discusses contemporary Austria, however it nonetheless did mention and discuss how Austria gained independence in 1955.
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 * This website was helpful for the Revolutions that took place in Austria in 1848. I found it once again to be a little wordy but it did have helpful information.
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 * This was my favorite website because I thought the timeline on the top was a perfect portrayal of everything Austria. It covered all the most important dates and times throughout Austrian history and I thought it was fantastic help.