history+of+spain,+jeremy+cleeman

=** Important Events **=
 * Guide to the History of Spain by jeremy Cleeman **
 * 1. Recoquista 900ac-1250 ac, **
 * 1) Christian forces battled from the north of the Iberian Peninsula, and pushed partly by religion pressures, fought Muslim forces from the south and center. They defeated muslims by mid-13th century. After this only Grenada remained in Muslim hands, the //reconquista// finally being completed when it fell in 1492.
 * 2) This is what gave birth to spain but these separate families castile and argon who were dominant in spain gave birth to it when Ferdinand and Isabella got married.

2. ** Marriage- **
3. ** Successor- when Charles V inherited these lands he became the most powerful monarch in Europe. ** 4. ** (1492)- marks the begging of exploration. ** 5. ** The "Golden Age" 16th Century to 1640 ** 6. ** Spanish armada- 1558 ** 7. ** Spain’s decline ** 8.   **War of the Spanish Succession 1700 – 1714**
 * 1) The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella was in 1469. marriage was in 1469. their role in uniting Spain under one kingdom was successful when they nonetheless united the kingdoms of Aragon, Castile and several other regions under one monarch.
 * 2) they made alliances with thier local towns otherwise known as hermandades, to establish order
 * 3) they finished off the final pecies of the Reconquista
 * 4) attempted to form union through strict religious orthodoxy with the inquisition (1478) expelling jews and moors in 1492
 * 5) they sponsored many voyages of exploration
 * 1) spain became the strongest nation in Europe
 * 2) with access to the wealth of the new world and the large inheritance spain entered its golden age
 * 1) Columbus brought knowledge of America to Europe, and by 1500 to 1600 Spaniards had already emigrated to the “New World”. They overthrew the indigenous peoples and sent vast quantities of treasure back to Spain.
 * 1) Hernando cortez- was a conquistador and overpowered the civilization of the aztecs and helped established spains presence in North America.(1460-1547)
 * 2) Following the discovery of the new world the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) was made, diving the new world bettween Spain and Portugal.
 * 1) many riches flowed in from America and Spanish armies were labelled as invincible. The agenda of European politics was certainly set by Spain, and the country helped bankroll the European wars fought by Charles V and Philip II as Spain formed part of their vast Habsburg empire
 * 2) but the treasure from abroad caused inflation and Castile kept going bankrupt.
 * 1) Phillip II was allies with England but at the end of his marriage that changed
 * 2) He wanted to conquer england and restore the roman catholic fold.
 * 3) The armada entered the english channel and fought for 8 days when a storm came destroying many of the spanish ships costing them the battle and the war.
 * 4) this defeat dealt a serious blow and was the first mark of Spain's decline.
 * 1) In addition to the massive blow dealt by the loss of the Spanish armada, they experienced inflation due to all the gold and metals being brought in from the new world.
 * 2) The economy fell apart marking the end of Spain’s great power.
 * 1) When Charles II died he left the throne of Spain to Duke Philip of Anjou, grandson of French king Louis XIV.
 * 2) Philip accepted, but was opposed by the Habsburgs, family of the old king who wished to retain Spain among their many possessions.
 * 3) Conflict continued, with Philip supported by France while the Habsburg claimed, Archduke Charles to the throne, and were supported by Britain and the Netherlands, as well as Austria and other Habsburg possessions.
 * 4) The war was concluded by treaties in 1713 and Philip became king.

** 9. Wars of the French Revolution 1793 – 1808 **

 * 1) France, having executed their king in 1793, pre-empted the reaction of Spain by declaring war.
 * 2) A Spanish invasion soon turned into a French invasion, and peace was declared between the two nations.
 * 3) This was closely followed by Spain allying with France against England, and an on-off-on war followed.
 * 4) Britain cut Spain off from their empire and trade, and Spanish finances suffered greatly.
 * 10. War against Napoleon 1808 – 1813 **
 * 1) In 1807 Franco-Spanish forces took Portugal, but Spanish troops not only remained in Spain but also increased in number.
 * 2) When the king abdicated in favor of his son Ferdinand and then changed his mind, French ruler Napoleon was brought in to mediate; he simply gave the crown to his brother Joseph, a big mistake.
 * 3) Parts of Spain rose up in rebellion against the French and a military struggle resulted.
 * 4) Britain, already opposed to Napoleon, entered the war in Spain in support of Spanish troops, and by 1813 the French had been pushed all the way back to France.
 * 5) Ferdinand then became king.

1469 - 1504 Isabella and Ferdinand
 * List of some Spanish Rulers (full list in link) **
 * ** Castile and León **

1504 - 1506 Joanna the Mad (Habsburg)

1506 Phillip I

1506 - 1516 Ferdinand II

1213 - 1276 James I
 * Aragon **

1276 - 1285 Peter III

1291 - 1327 James II

1336 - 1387 Peter IV

1412 - 1416 Ferdinand

1479 - 1516 Ferdinand II


 * Habsburg Dynasty **

1516 - 1556 Charles I (Emperor Charles V)

1556 - 1598 Philip II

1598 - 1621 Philip III

1621 - 1665 Philip IV

1665 - 1700 Charles II


 * Bourbon Dynasty **

1700 - 1724 Philip V

1724 Louis I

1724 - 1746 Philip V (2nd time)

1746 - 1759 Ferdinand VI

1759 - 1788 Charles III

1788 - 1808 Charles IV

1808 Ferdinand VII


 * French Rule **

1808 - 1813 Joseph Bonaparte


 * Bourbon Dynasty **

1814 - 1833 Ferdinand VII

1833 - 1868 Isabella II

||
 * ====** 1200-1400 **====
 * ====** 1212) ** Reconquista eliminated Moorish rule ====
 * ====** (1248) ** Fernando III of Castille captured Seville ====
 * ====** (1469) ** Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile marry, brought much needed stability ====
 * ====** (1478) ** The Catholic Spanish Inquisition began ====
 * ====** (1492) ** Granada captured, Moors defeated; Christopher Columbus began voyages of discovery ====
 * ====** 1700 - 1800 **====
 * ====** (1702-14) ** War of Spanish Succession; Bourbon dynasty accepted Spanish throne ====
 * ====** (1808-14) ** Peninsular War against Napoleon ====
 * ====** (1898) ** Spanish-American five-month War; Spain lost colonies including Cuba, Guam and Puerto Rico ====
 * ====** 1900 **====
 * ====** (1931) ** Spain became a Republic ====
 * ====** (1936-39) ** Francisco Franco forces victorious in Spanish Civil War; dictatorship established ====

Links - sources are important - I would like to see the full, required list and to see your annotations (required for the assignment!). > > >
 * Modern European History by Birdsall S. Viault
 * AP Achiever European History, by Chris Freiler
 * http://europeanhistory.about.com/library/readyref/blspainrulers.htm
 * link to list of leaders
 * http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/spain/estimeln.htm
 * timeline
 * http://historysage.com/jcms/images/PDFs/03-New_Monarchs_and_Expansion.pdf
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Spanish_history